Motor Basics

Split phase efficiency chart

General Purpose Split Phase

Characteristics

The split phase type motor is most widely used for single voltage ratings, 1 HP or less, and for applications where starting torque requirements are 200% or less of full load. The split phase motor has a start and run winding. Both windings are energized when the motor is started. When the motor reaches about 75% of its rated full load speed, the start winding is disconnected from the circuit by an automatic switch.

Applications

Common applications of split phase motors include: fans, blowers, pumps, office machines and tools, such as small saws or drill presses where the load is applied after the motor has obtained its operating speed.

Capacitor efficiency chart

General Purpose Capacitor Start

Characteristics

The capacitor start induction run type motor is most widely used for dual voltage ratings, 2 HP or less, and for applications where starting torque requirements are 350% or less of full load. The capacitor start induction run motor has a run winding and a start winding with a capacitor connected in series. Both windings are energized when the motor is started. When the motor reaches about 75% of its rated full load speed, the start winding and start capacitor are disconnected from the circuit by an automatic switch.

Applications

It has good efficiency and requires starting currents of approximately five times full load current. Common applications include: compressors, pumps, machine tools, air conditioners, conveyors, and other hard to start applications.

PSC efficiency chart

General Purpose PSC

Characteristics

The permanent split capacitor motor (PSC) is compact, easy to maintain, highly efficient and has a high power factor. The permanent split capacitor type motor is most widely used for 2 HP or less and for applications where starting torque requirements are 100% or less of full load. The permanent split capacitor motor offers smooth acceleration and has a run winding and a start winding with a capacitor connected in series. Both windings are energized when the motor is started and running. No switch is required to switch any component out of the circuit.

Applications

A major advantage of the PSC motor is the capability of operating at different speeds by allowing higher levels of slip. Special applications include: fans and blowers, air conditioners, coolers, furnaces, unit heaters, roof ventilators, dehumidifiers, garage door openers, and other applications that require low starting torque and current.

Three phase efficiency chart

Typical Polyphase Design

Characteristics

The three-phase motor has excellent starting torque characteristics, yet the normal starting circuit requirements are low compared to single phase motors. The three-phase motor can achieve locked rotor torque up to 400% of full load torque. Its high starting torque and capability to achieve high efficiency enable the motor to drive practically any equipment where load must be brought up from standstill to operating speed smoothly and quickly.

Applications

Popular applications include: grinders, lathes, drill presses, pumps, compressors, conveyors, also printing equipment, farm equipment, electronic cooling and mechanical duty applications.